12 Deconstructing Work Flows
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“How should we implement computers in our business?”
Note:LA DOMANDA DI IERI
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where we do lots of calculations
Note:RISPOSTA
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“You can see the computer age everywhere but in the productivity statistics.”
Note:IL LAMENTO DI ROBERT SOLOW
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interesting business movement called “reengineering.”
Note:PER AFFRONTARE QS PROB
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Hammer and James Champy,
Note:PROT.
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book Reengineering the Corporation,
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identify the tasks
Note:IL METODO 1
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consider whether computers had a role
Note:2
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In North America, its accounts payable department employed five hundred people, and Ford hoped that by spending big on computers, it could reduce that number by 20 percent.
Note:LE SPERANZE DI FORD
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its competitor Mazda had just five people in accounts payable.
Note:COMPETITOR
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many people handled it. If only one of those people took a long time to do the job, the entire system slowed down.
Note:IL PUNTO DEBOLE
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That left every order flowing through at the speed of the most difficult
Note:TUTTO RALLENTATO
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computer reduce mismatches
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Ford’s accounts payable department was 75 percent smaller,
Note:ESITO
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reducing head count,
Note:LA MAGGIORPARTE DEL REENGEENIRING
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improve the quality of services.
Note:ALTRA FUNZIONE DEL REE
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Mutual Benefit Life,
Note:ASS SULLA VITA
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nineteen people in five departments took thirty distinct steps.
Note:NEL CONSIDERARE LE POLIZZE
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Time in transit.
Note:IL COLPEVOLE DEI RITARDI
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a shared database powered by an enterprise computer system
Note:LA SOLUZIINE...PRODUTTIVITÀ
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one person had authority over an application,
Note:CAMBIO ORGANIZZATIVO
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Like classical computing, AI is a general-purpose technology.
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Goldman Sachs’s CFO R. Martin Chavez
Note:CAMBIAMENTO DESCRITTO
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The unit of AI tool design is not “the job” or “the occupation” or “the strategy,” but rather “the task.”
Note:UNITÀ FONDAMENTALE
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collections of decisions
Note:TASK
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Decisions are based on prediction
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removing humans from such tasks altogether.
Note:ORA CHE LA MACCHINA VPUÒ DECIDERE
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Impact of AI Tools on Work Flows
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the most important passages of a document and highlights them.
Note:ESEMPU DI NPREDIZIONE...SOTTOLINEATURA DOCUMENTI
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manufacturing defects
Note:DIFETTI
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appropriate customer service responses
Note:RISPOSTE AL CLIENTE
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from email to translation to driving.
Note:SETTORI D IMPEGNO X GOOGLE
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improves many of the photo apps on your smartphone.
Note:MIGLIORARE LE FOTO
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recruiting students to an MBA program,
Note:ESEMPIO DI PROBLEMA
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obtain a class of the best students.
Note:L OBBIETTIVO
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choosing which applicants to give offers
Note:LA SCELTA CHIAVE... ABBINARE UNA BORSA
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(a) clearly should get an offer; (b) should get an offer if those in (a) decline their offers; and (c) no offer at all.
Note:LA GREZZA DIVISIONE FATTA ORA
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assessments that cause candidates to be placed in buckets are a mixture of the objective and subjective.
Note:MIX
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trained on past data indicating how such applications and information translated into later scores of best, provide a clear ranking of all applicants.
Note:UTILE UN APP
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early offers (perhaps to pre-empt other schools), financial incentives (scholarships), and special attention (lunches with faculty or prominent alumni).
Note:COSA CAMBIA...VANTAGGI X CHI OFFRE
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The predictive ranking
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the cost of doing such rankings.
Note:COMPRESSIONE COSTI...ALTRO VANTAGGIO
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assess the seriousness of the application
Note:ALTRA VALUTAZIONE POSSIBILE X L APP
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They may lower application fees to zero
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reduce the time between submitting an application and an offer.
Note:ALTRO VANTAGGIO
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tasks to be removed (e.g., manual ranking of applications) as well as added (e.g., wider-reach advertising).
Note:EFFETI DELL APP...LAVORI CHE MUOIONO E LAVORI CHE CRESCONO
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How an AI Tool Powered the iPhone Keyboard
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QWERTY layout; that design standard limited the possibility of hitting two adjacent keys,
Note:LIMITE ALL INCEPPAMENTO...UNO STANDARD CHE RESISTE ANCHE DOPO
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What kept them coming back to it was familiarity.
Note:PERCHÈ NN È STATO ABBANDONATO
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the keys were very small.
Note:LA MAGGIORE DIFFICOLTÀ X IL PRIMO I PHONE
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just three weeks to find a solution—a
Note:MOMENTO DECISIVO
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While the image the user saw did not change, the surface area around a particular set of keys expanded when typing.
Note:LA SOLUZIONE...QW ALTERNATIVO
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When you type a “t,” it is highly probable the next letter will be an “h”
Note:ESEMPIO
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Following that, “e” and “i” expanded, and so on.
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This was the result of an AI tool at work.
Note:A CHI DIRE GRAZIE
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build predictive algorithms so that key size changed
Note:ALLA BASE
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the autocorrect predictive text you see today.
Note:L ANTENATO
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fundamentally, the reason this worked was QWERTY.
Note:QW GARANTISCE CHE I DUE TASTI NN SIANO ADIACENTI
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prediction could solve
Note:ANCHE QUI
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Understanding the work flow was critical
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