Nel discorso del 18 maggio 1994 in morte di Lazzati, poche settimane dopo la vittoria elettorale del Polo delle libertà d del buongoverno, Dossetti individua il suo avversario ideale in Gianfranco Miglio e nelle sue intenzioni di "scardinare le libertà costituzionali in una logica di esaltato individualismo". Il suo sarebbe mero " occasionalismo" volto a ridurre che la politica a contrattazione economica: "gli ordinamenti federali sono sistemi in cui si tratta e si negozia senza sosta".
lunedì 19 marzo 2018
Per una chiesa autenticamente povera
Per il gruppo di Dossetti non poteva darsi una riforma del paese senza una riforma della Chiesa Cattolica, che doveva diventare autenticamente povera.
Il calcolo dossettiano
"L'inferno è lastricato di buone intenzioni". Ecco il detto che segna la modernità.
Per Dossetti, al contrario, le conseguenze degli atti, specie degli atti politici, sono perfettamente calcolabili ma solo da chi li osservi con cognizione di causa e da un punto di vista privilegiato che è quello dell'uomo senza potere.
L'indomito edificatore di coscienze
Il suo obbiettivo era la formazione delle coscienze per edificare l'uomo nuovo il politico cristiano.
#Amazon
#Amazon
domenica 18 marzo 2018
Dossetti
L'unica alternativa a De Gasperi. Un'importante differenza di opinione contraddistingueva i due sul modo di concepire il ruolo politico del cattolico in italia. un importante differenza di opinione contraddistingue va i due sul modo di concepire il ruolo politico del cattolico in Italia .
Giuseppe Dossetti partecipa all'attività della redazione della Costituzione italiana nel segno di un deciso rigetto delle tesi liberali. Stendete gli stesso il testo dell'articolo relativo al diritto di proprietà presentato a Togliatti come base per la discussione. È lui che formula la norma che vieta la ricostituzione del partito fascista.
Nel discorso del 18 maggio 1994 in morte di Lazzati, poche settimane dopo la vittoria elettorale del Polo delle libertà d del buongoverno, Dossetti individua il suo avversario ideale in Gianfranco Miglio e nelle sue intenzioni di "scardinare le libertà costituzionali in una logica di esaltato individualismo". Il suo sarebbe mero " occasionalismo" volto a ridurre che la politica a contrattazione economica: "gli ordinamenti federali sono sistemi in cui si tratta e si negozia senza sosta".
Dobbiamo tornare all'impostazione ebraica originale, quella in cui l'adesione al Bene precede la scelta. L'atto con il quale le tribù ebraiche accettarono la precedeva la conoscenza. Per la modernità questo è impemsabile. C'è una relazione che mi costituisce prima ancora che io mi chieda cosa fare.
Quel senso austero è impegnato della vita costituiscono una vera forza liberante per l'uomo. Ognuno deve guardare attentamente A quale via lo spinge suo cuore e poi scegliere quella con tutte le forze. A un certo punto bisogna dire basta alle esperienze e scegliere, e sposarsi definitivamente.
L'uomo religioso nella polis: "vivi consapevolmente nell'inferno e non disperare".
L'esperienza ci dona una conoscenza intuitiva che San Tommaso Chiama conoscenza per connaturalità
L'ipotesi della povertà come compensativa di fronte alla società dell'opulenza e della prepotenza.
La condizione del Monaco richiede un superamento continuo delle proprie preferenze, è un esercizio di sottomissione all'altro. Vale la pena qui di ricordare l'atto di sottomissione al cardinale Poma successore del "pacifista" Lercaro e con un ruolo nella sua rimozione, "nemico" evidente di Dossetti.
sabato 17 marzo 2018
9. The Music Instinct
9. The Music Instinct
Note:contro pinker (la musica potrebbe sparire senza conseguenze evolutive)evolutionary lag: 50.000lo strano caso dello spettatoredubbi sulla tesi di pinker: 1 la musica è univrsale 2 interspecie 3 ha divrrse funzioni 4 c è da sempre e suprra l evol lag3 funzioni: corteggiamento social bond allenamento al linguaggio
Note:contro pinker (la musica potrebbe sparire senza conseguenze evolutive)evolutionary lag: 50.000lo strano caso dello spettatoredubbi sulla tesi di pinker: 1 la musica è univrsale 2 interspecie 3 ha divrrse funzioni 4 c è da sempre e suprra l evol lag3 funzioni: corteggiamento social bond allenamento al linguaggio
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Where did music come from?
Note:LA DOMANDA
Note:LA DOMANDA
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part of human or paleohuman mating rituals.
Note:PER DARWIN...SCOLLEGATA DALLA LEGGE DEL PIÙ ADATTO...SELEZIONE SESSUALE...QUI DARWIN E WALLACE VENGONO CONFUSI
Note:PER DARWIN...SCOLLEGATA DALLA LEGGE DEL PIÙ ADATTO...SELEZIONE SESSUALE...QUI DARWIN E WALLACE VENGONO CONFUSI
Yellow highlight | Location: 3,956
a challenge issued by the cognitive psychologist and cognitive scientist Steven Pinker.
Note:LA SFIDA
Note:LA SFIDA
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“Language is clearly an evolutionary adaptation,”
Note:X PINKER
Note:X PINKER
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have a clear evolutionary purpose.”
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Note:Cccccccccccc
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this occurs when evolutionary forces propagate an adaptation for a particular reason,
Note:COS È L ADATTAMENTO
Note:COS È L ADATTAMENTO
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Stephen Jay Gould called a spandrel, borrowing the term from architecture. In architecture,
Note:ALTERNATIVA ALL ADATTAMENTO
Note:ALTERNATIVA ALL ADATTAMENTO
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There will necessarily be a space between the arches, not because it was planned
Note:SPAZIO TRA GLI ARCHI
Note:SPAZIO TRA GLI ARCHI
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Birds evolved feathers to keep warm, but they coopted the feathers for another purpose—flying.
Note:ESEMPIO
Note:ESEMPIO
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language is an adaptation and music is its spandrel.
Note:TESI DI PINKER
Note:TESI DI PINKER
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it is merely a by-product,
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“Music is auditory cheesecake,”
Note:PIATTO CUCINATO CON GLI AVANZI
Note:PIATTO CUCINATO CON GLI AVANZI
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We can eat foods that have no nutritive value and we can have sex without procreating;
Note:ESEMPI
Note:ESEMPI
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none of these is adaptive,
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music is simply a pleasure-seeking behavior
Note:MUSICA COME CARAMELLA...EROINA
Note:MUSICA COME CARAMELLA...EROINA
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“Music,” Pinker lectured us, “pushes buttons for language ability
Note:COME LA CARAMELLA X IL PIACERE DELLO ZUCCHERO
Note:COME LA CARAMELLA X IL PIACERE DELLO ZUCCHERO
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the motor control system that injects rhythm into the muscles
Note:ESEMPIO DI UNA FUNZIONE
Note:ESEMPIO DI UNA FUNZIONE
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“music is useless.
Note:DERIVA DALLA NOSTRA CAPACITÀ LINGUISTICA USATA IN MODO IMPROPRIO
Note:DERIVA DALLA NOSTRA CAPACITÀ LINGUISTICA USATA IN MODO IMPROPRIO
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attaining a goal such as long life, grandchildren, or accurate perception and prediction
Note:COSE A CUI NN SERVE
Note:COSE A CUI NN SERVE
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music could vanish from our species and the rest of our lifestyle would be virtually unchanged.”
Note:PUÓ SPARIRE DOMANI
Note:PUÓ SPARIRE DOMANI
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The cosmologist John Barrow said that music has no role in survival of the species, and psychologist Dan Sperber called music “an evolutionary parasite.”
Note:ALTRE LIQUIDAZIONI
Note:ALTRE LIQUIDAZIONI
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cognitive capacity to process complex sound patterns that vary in pitch and duration,
Note:MUSICA PARASSITARIA DI FACOLTÀ LINGUISTICHE
Note:MUSICA PARASSITARIA DI FACOLTÀ LINGUISTICHE
Yellow highlight | Location: 3,992
Ian Cross of Cambridge University sums up: “For Pinker, Sperber, and Barrow, music exists simply because of the pleasure that it affords; its basis is purely hedonic.”
Note:EDONISMO...E ANCHE UN PÒ PERVERSO
Note:EDONISMO...E ANCHE UN PÒ PERVERSO
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all of our phenotypic attributes (our appearance, physiological attributes, and some behaviors) are encoded in our genes,
Note:PRIMO ASUNTO EVOL
Note:PRIMO ASUNTO EVOL
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The second assumption of evolutionary theory is that there exists between us some natural genetic variability.
Note:SECONDO
Note:SECONDO
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when we mate, our genetic material combines to form a new being, 50 percent
Note:TERZO
Note:TERZO
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The genes that exist in you today (with the exception of a small number that may have mutated) are those that reproduced successfully in the past.
Note:ESITO
Note:ESITO
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the idea of sexual selection. Because an organism must reproduce to pass its genes on, qualities that will attract a mate should eventually become encoded in the genome.
Note:UNA SELEZIONE ALTERNATIVA
Note:UNA SELEZIONE ALTERNATIVA
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Might music play a role in sexual selection? Darwin thought so. In The Descent of Man he wrote, “I conclude that musical notes and rhythm were first acquired by the male or female progenitors of mankind for the sake of charming the opposite sex.
Note:ECCO ALLORA L ALYERNATIVA A PINKER
Note:ECCO ALLORA L ALYERNATIVA A PINKER
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associated with some of the strongest passions an animal is capable of feeling,
Note:LA MUSICA....COSA DIVENTA
Note:LA MUSICA....COSA DIVENTA
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Darwin believed that music preceded speech as a means of courtship,
Note:CORTEGGIAMENTO
Note:CORTEGGIAMENTO
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Geoffrey Miller
Note:SOTTO
Note:SOTTO
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Jimi Hendrix had “sexual liaisons with hundreds of groupies,
Note:TIPI COOL
Note:TIPI COOL
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Robert Plant, the lead singer of Led Zeppelin, recalls his experience with their big concert tours in the seventies: “I was on my way to love. Always. Whatever road I took,
Note:Cccccc
Note:Cccccc
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for the top rock stars, such as Mick Jagger, physical appearance doesn’t seem to be an issue.
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Note:Ccccccc
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anyone who could sing and dance was advertising to potential mates his stamina and overall good health, physical and mental.
Note:PUBBLICOTÀ
Note:PUBBLICOTÀ
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advertising that he had enough food and sturdy enough shelter that he could afford to waste valuable time on developing a purely unnecessary skill.
Note:SECONDO SEGNALE...LA CODA
Note:SECONDO SEGNALE...LA CODA
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In contemporary society, we see this with rich people who build elaborate houses or drive hundred-thousand-dollar cars. The sexual selection message is clear: Choose me.
Note:ANALOGIA
Note:ANALOGIA
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In contemporary society, interest in music also peaks during adolescence, further bolstering the sexual-selection aspects of music.
Note:ALTRO INDIZIO
Note:ALTRO INDIZIO
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dancing in past hunter-gatherer societies was anything like what we observe in contemporary ones, it typically extended for many hours, requiring great aerobic effort.
Note:I VRAVE DEI PRIMITIVI
Note:I VRAVE DEI PRIMITIVI
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Most tribal dancing includes repeated high-stepping, stomping,
Note:Cccccccccc
Note:Cccccccccc
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Many mental illnesses are now known to undermine the ability to dance or to perform rhythmically—schizophrenia and Parkinson’s, to name just two—and
Note:Cccccccc
Note:Cccccccc
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Another possibility is that evolution selected creativity in general as a marker of sexual fitness. Improvisation and novelty in a combined music/dance performance would indicate the cognitive flexibility
Note:FLESSIBILITÀ COGNITIVA
Note:FLESSIBILITÀ COGNITIVA
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Miller and his colleague Martie Haselton
Note:SOTTO
Note:SOTTO
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while wealth may predict who will make a good dad (for child rearing), creativity may better predict who will furnish the best genes (for child fathering).
Note:PAFRE SOLO PUTATIVO
Note:PAFRE SOLO PUTATIVO
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The results showed that when they were at their peak fertility, women preferred the creative but poor artist to the not creative but rich man as a short-term mate,
Note:ESPERIMENTO
Note:ESPERIMENTO
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Far more women want to sleep with rock stars and athletes than to marry them.
Note:STEREOTIPO
Note:STEREOTIPO
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First, if music was nonadaptive, then music lovers should be at some evolutionary or survival disadvantage. Second, music shouldn’t have been around very long.
Note:SE PINKER AVESSE RAGIONE
Note:SE PINKER AVESSE RAGIONE
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All the available evidence is that music can’t be merely auditory cheesecake;
Note:TESI
Note:TESI
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The best estimates are that it takes a minimum of fifty thousand years for an adaptation to show up in the human genome. This is called evolutionary lag—the
Note:EV LAG
Note:EV LAG
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When we ask about the evolutionary basis for music, it does no good to think about Britney or Bach. We have to think what music was like around fifty thousand years ago.
Note:DI CONSEGUENZA
Note:DI CONSEGUENZA
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But it is only in the last five hundred years that music has become a spectator activity—the
Note:EVOLUZIONE RECENTE...
Note:EVOLUZIONE RECENTE...
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Most of us would be shocked if audience members at a symphonic concert got out of their chairs and clapped their hands, whooped, hollered, and danced as was de rigueur at a James Brown concert. But the reaction to James Brown is certainly closer to our true nature.
Note:LA NATURA DELLA MUSICA
Note:LA NATURA DELLA MUSICA
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Children often show the reaction that is true to our nature:
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Note:Ccccccc
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Cross writes that “musical ability cannot be defined solely in terms of productive competence”; virtually every member of our own society is capable of listening to and hence of understanding music.
Note:UNIVERSALE
Note:UNIVERSALE
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facts about music’s ubiquity, history, and anatomy,
Note:CONTRO PINKER...RIASSUNTO
Note:CONTRO PINKER...RIASSUNTO
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Additional possibilities have been argued as well. One is social bonding and cohesion.
Note:IPOTESI ALTERNATIVE A PINKER (CHEESKAKE) E DARWIN (SEX SELECTION)
Note:IPOTESI ALTERNATIVE A PINKER (CHEESKAKE) E DARWIN (SEX SELECTION)
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synchrony,
Note:Ccccccc
Note:Ccccccc
Yellow highlight | Location: 4,138
Singing around the ancient campfire might have been a way to stay awake, to ward off predators, and to develop social coordination and social cooperation within the group.
Note:AL CAMPO
Note:AL CAMPO
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evidence for the social-bonding basis of music
Yellow highlight | Location: 4,140
my work with Ursula Bellugi
Note:AUTORI
Note:AUTORI
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(ASD).
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Although some people with ASD play music, and some of them have reached a high level of technical proficiency, they do not report being emotionally moved by music.
Note:GLI AUTISTICI
Note:GLI AUTISTICI
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they are attracted to the structure of music.
Note:Cccccccccccc
Note:Cccccccccccc
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she finds music “pretty” but that in general, she just “doesn’t get it” or understand why people react to it the way that they do.
Note:TEMPLE GARDIN
Note:TEMPLE GARDIN
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music evolved because it promoted cognitive development. Music may be the activity that prepared our pre-human ancestors for speech
Note:TERZA IPOTESI
Note:TERZA IPOTESI
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Because music is a complex activity, Trehub suggests that it may help prepare the developing infant for its mental life ahead. It shares many of the features of speech
Note:L AUTORE
Note:L AUTORE
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No human has ever learned language by memorization. Babies don’t simply memorize every word and sentence they’ve ever heard; rather, they learn rules and apply them in perceiving and generating new speech.
Note:OVEREXTENSION...UN MODO CREATIVO DI SBAGLIARE
Note:OVEREXTENSION...UN MODO CREATIVO DI SBAGLIARE
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This is why we hear young children say, “He goed to the store,”
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Note:Ccccccccc
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intelligent children are more likely to make these mistakes
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Note:Cccccccc
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The second piece of evidence that children don’t simply memorize language is logical: All of us speak sentences that we’ve never heard before.
Note:IL LINGUAGGIO È GENERATIVO
Note:IL LINGUAGGIO È GENERATIVO
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Music is also generative. For every musical phrase I hear, I can always add a note to the beginning, end, or middle to generate a new musical phrase.
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Note:Cccccccc
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Cosmides and Tooby
Note:SOPRA
Note:SOPRA
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Music processing helps infants to prepare for language; it may pave the way to linguistic prosody, even before the child’s developing brain is ready to process phonetics.
Note:ESERCIZIO
Note:ESERCIZIO
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Mother-infant interactions involving music almost always entail both singing and rhythmic movement, such as rocking or caressing. This appears to be culturally universal.
Note:MADRE FIGLIO
Note:MADRE FIGLIO
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by almost all accounts the music of our distant ancestors was heavily rhythmic. Rhythm stirs our bodies. Tonality and melody stir our brains.
Note:LA MUSICA DEI PRIMITIVI
Note:LA MUSICA DEI PRIMITIVI
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Contemporary “classical” music is practiced mostly in universities; it is regrettably listened to by almost no one compared to popular music; much of it deconstructs harmony, melody, and rhythm, rendering them all but unrecognizable; in its least accessible form it is a purely intellectual exercise, and save for the rare avant-garde ballet company, no one dances to it either.
Note:LA CLASSICA CONTEMPORANEA...UN ESEMPIO ESTREMO
Note:LA CLASSICA CONTEMPORANEA...UN ESEMPIO ESTREMO
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A fourth argument for music as an adaptation comes from other species. If we can show that other species use music for similar purposes, this presents a strong evolutionary argument.
Note:QUARTO ARGOMENTO
Note:QUARTO ARGOMENTO
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Other animal vocalizations are more clearly related to courtship.
Note:DI SOLITO
Note:DI SOLITO
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Music’s evolutionary origin is established because it is present across all humans (meeting the biologists’ criterion of being widespread in a species); it has been around a long time (refuting the notion that it is merely audio cheesecake); it involves specialized brain structures, including dedicated memory systems that can remain functional when other memory systems fail (when a physical brain system develops across all humans, we assume that it has an evolutionary basis); and it is analogous to music making in other species.
RIASSUMIAMO I PUNTI ANTIPINKER
RIASSUMIAMO I PUNTI ANTIPINKER
3 Instructions and Incentives
3 Instructions and Incentives
Note:3@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
Note:3@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
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How can specialization be coordinated?
Note:IL PROBLEMA
Note:IL PROBLEMA
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Your father’s occupation became your occupation.
Note:COORDINAMENTO ANCIENT REGIME
Note:COORDINAMENTO ANCIENT REGIME
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family name,
Note:VEDI COGNOME
Note:VEDI COGNOME
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the caste system was a detailed, rigid social order
Note:ANCORA OGGI
Note:ANCORA OGGI
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specialization is coordinated by instructions.
Note:ALL INTERNO DI UN IMPRESA
Note:ALL INTERNO DI UN IMPRESA
Yellow highlight | Location: 506
coordinated by prices and profits.
Note:FUORI DALL IMPRESA
Note:FUORI DALL IMPRESA
Yellow highlight | Location: 509
system of incentives
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Prices serve as signals
Note:FUNZIONE DEI PREZZI...NN SOLO INCENTIVO
Note:FUNZIONE DEI PREZZI...NN SOLO INCENTIVO
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what determines the boundaries of a firm?
Note:IL PROB.
Note:IL PROB.
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when the value of different tasks can be isolated, specialization will tend to take place
Note:CONDIZIONE APPALTO
Note:CONDIZIONE APPALTO
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The surgeon who is very fast at mowing lawns
Note:TAGLIARE O NN TAGLIARE?
Note:TAGLIARE O NN TAGLIARE?
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Profits are another important incentive.
Note:UN INCENTIVO PARTICOLARE
Note:UN INCENTIVO PARTICOLARE
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Patterns of specialization and trade evolve because of two mechanisms: substitution and innovation.
Note:MOTORI DEL CAMBIAMENTO
Note:MOTORI DEL CAMBIAMENTO
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When corn becomes more expensive than wheat, consumers will respond to the price change
Note:SOSTITUZIONE
Note:SOSTITUZIONE
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most of the solutions to market imperfections are launched by private entrepreneurs,
Note:FALLIMENTI DI MERCATO...E NNOVAZIONE
Note:FALLIMENTI DI MERCATO...E NNOVAZIONE
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First is “experimentation,”
Note:LE DUE FASI DELL INNOVAZIONE
Note:LE DUE FASI DELL INNOVAZIONE
Yellow highlight | Location: 561
Second is “evaluation,”
Yellow highlight | Location: 562
Third is “evolution,” in which successful business models
Note:CAMBIO DEL MODELLO
Note:CAMBIO DEL MODELLO
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The prospect of profits encourages entrepreneurs to attempt experiments.
Yellow highlight | Location: 565
Profits are a measure of the sustainability of patterns of specialization.
Note:SOSTENIBILITÀ
Note:SOSTENIBILITÀ
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We tend to want to discuss cost as if it were an objective concept,
Note:I COSTI SONO SOGGETTIVI
Note:I COSTI SONO SOGGETTIVI
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cost of output depends on market conditions and individual judgments
Note:RELATIVISMO
Note:RELATIVISMO
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Those factors are not directly observable, and they are constantly changing.
Note:MISIRARE I COSTI... IMPOSSIBILE
Note:MISIRARE I COSTI... IMPOSSIBILE
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a distant observer is not in a position to evaluate economic performance with certainty.
Note:OSSERVATORE ESTERNO
Note:OSSERVATORE ESTERNO
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if one method uses more water but requires less of the farmer’s time, then we cannot tell which method is more efficient. It depends on how farmers value their time relative to the cost of water.
ESEMPIO
ESEMPIO
2 Machine as Metaphor
2 Machine as Metaphor
Note:2@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
Note:2@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
Yellow highlight | Location: 378
During [Sigmund] Freud’s university years (the late 1870s and early 1880s), young enthusiasts in the fuzzier disciplines, such as psychology, liked to borrow terminology from the more rigorous
Note:FREUD E LE METAFORE IN PRESTITO
Note:FREUD E LE METAFORE IN PRESTITO
Yellow highlight | Location: 381
Freud wound up with the idea that libido or sexual “energy,”
Note:MOTORE SESSUALE
Note:MOTORE SESSUALE
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Over the past twenty years . . . neurophysiologists have begun to study the actual workings of the brain and central nervous system. These investigators find no buildups of “pressure” or “energy,” sexual or otherwise, for the simple reason that the central nervous system is not analogous to an engine.
Note:IL CERVELLO NN È UN MOTORE
Note:IL CERVELLO NN È UN MOTORE
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Like psychologists, economists were taken with mechanical metaphors,
Note:LE METAFORE DELL ECVONOMIA
Note:LE METAFORE DELL ECVONOMIA
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The graduate program in economics at MIT was at first heavily funded by the U.S. Department of Defense, as World War II seemed to show the importance of combining economics with engineering.
Note:MIT E DIFESA
Note:MIT E DIFESA
Yellow highlight | Location: 391
problems of constrained optimization.
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There was even a brief attempt to model all economic policy as solving a constrained optimization problem using a “social welfare function,”
Note:FUNZIONI DEL BENESSERE
Note:FUNZIONI DEL BENESSERE
Yellow highlight | Location: 396
they could fine-tune the economic machine.
Note:FINE TUNE
Note:FINE TUNE
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The MIT revolution was led by Paul Samuelson, who in 1970 became the first American to win the Nobel Prize in Economics,
Note:SAMUELSON
Note:SAMUELSON
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Samuelson and his successors taught that the economic machine had a gas pedal that could be used to avoid economic slowdowns. That device was “aggregate demand,” which could be increased by the government’s printing money, running a budget deficit, or both.
Note:PEDALE DEL GAS. KEYNES
Note:PEDALE DEL GAS. KEYNES
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the concept of specialization is forgotten entirely. Instead, economists employ an interpretive framework in which every worker performs the same job,
Note:IL GRANDE ASSENTE
Note:IL GRANDE ASSENTE
Note | Location: 401
TUTTI LO STESSO LAVORO
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Fifty years ago, those researchers who were not seduced by Freudian metaphors were likely to be enamored of B.F. Skinner, who taught that human behavior could be interpreted as if we were machines
Note:SKINNER E L UOMO MACCHINA
Note:SKINNER E L UOMO MACCHINA
Yellow highlight | Location: 404
However, today, many researchers prefer the interpretive framework of evolutionary psychology. They see the human brain as being endowed with capabilities that evolved in the era of hunting and gathering but that can be adapted to very different environments.
Note:ATTACCO ALLA MACCHINA....SIAMO DIVERSI E NON SCOMPONIBILI....IL CAMBIAMENTO X EVOL ANZICHÈ X COSTRUZ
Note:ATTACCO ALLA MACCHINA....SIAMO DIVERSI E NON SCOMPONIBILI....IL CAMBIAMENTO X EVOL ANZICHÈ X COSTRUZ
Yellow highlight | Location: 407
Although psychology has moved on, the discipline of economics has remained stuck in its mechanistic
Note:PSICOLOGIA E ECONOMIA
Note:PSICOLOGIA E ECONOMIA
Yellow highlight | Location: 408
futile attempt to apply mathematical methods
Note:MAYEMATICA
Note:MAYEMATICA
Yellow highlight | Location: 418
I have come to see software and Internet resources as useful metaphors for the market economy.
Note:INTERNET...UNA METAFORA ALTERNATIVA
Note:INTERNET...UNA METAFORA ALTERNATIVA
Yellow highlight | Location: 421
Internet, and the patterns of specialization and trade in the market, emerge from the actions of countless individuals, not from the minds of a few designers.
Note:DESIGNER VS ORDINE SPONTANEO
Note:DESIGNER VS ORDINE SPONTANEO
Yellow highlight | Location: 432
The MIT-influenced approach that dominates the economics profession treats individual markets and the economy as a whole as if they were simple machines.
Note:SONDROME DELL AGGREGAZIONE
Note:SONDROME DELL AGGREGAZIONE
Yellow highlight | Location: 436
In the real world, too many factors have to be left out of the mathematical models.
Note:TROPPI FATTORI TRASCURATI
Note:TROPPI FATTORI TRASCURATI
Yellow highlight | Location: 437
Defenders of the modern orthodoxy will argue that the use of mathematics is a way to force economists to keep track of their assumptions.
Note:DIFESA DELLA MATEMATICA
Note:DIFESA DELLA MATEMATICA
Yellow highlight | Location: 438
Formal models make assumptions explicit,
Note:ESPLICITO
Note:ESPLICITO
Yellow highlight | Location: 440
On the contrary, we often make very bad assumptions, because better assumptions would be too difficult to handle mathematically.
Note:CRITICA: IPOTESI INVEROSIMILI SCELTE XCHÈ TRATTABILI
Note:CRITICA: IPOTESI INVEROSIMILI SCELTE XCHÈ TRATTABILI
Yellow highlight | Location: 443
We take market imperfections as given, rather than consider how enterprises and institutions might evolve to address current problems.
Note:ESEMPIO...LE IMPERFEZIONI
Note:ESEMPIO...LE IMPERFEZIONI
Yellow highlight | Location: 447
An extensive literature using mathematical modeling says that most or all of retiree savings should be converted to annuities.
Note:ALTRO ESEMPIO
Note:ALTRO ESEMPIO
Yellow highlight | Location: 464
economists tend to draw strong conclusions from simple models.
Note:SEMPLICISMO
Note:SEMPLICISMO
Yellow highlight | Location: 465
When it comes to the financial sector, mathematics has served economists mainly as a blindfold.
Note:MATEMATICA E GINANZA. IL DISASTRO CAPM
Note:MATEMATICA E GINANZA. IL DISASTRO CAPM
Yellow highlight | Location: 472
In his recent book Foolproof, financial journalist Greg Ip says of economic policy analysts: Philosophically, they fall into two schools of thought. One, which I call the engineers, seeks to use the maximum of our knowledge and ability to solve problems and make the world safer and more stable; the other, which I call the ecologists, regards such experts with suspicion, because given the complexity and adaptability of people and the environment, they will always have unintended consequences
Note:INGEGNIERI ED ECOLOGISTI
Note:INGEGNIERI ED ECOLOGISTI
Yellow highlight | Location: 478
The engineering approach requires a presumption that someone is standing outside the economy—an economic policy adviser—who, with the aid of simple models and equations, clearly sees what it would take to achieve outcomes that are superior to those that would emerge without government intervention.
Note:L IPOTESI DELL OSSERVATORE ESTERNO
Note:L IPOTESI DELL OSSERVATORE ESTERNO
Yellow highlight | Location: 482
Moreover, they assume that individuals and organizations acting in the context of markets will be unable to adapt to solve the problems that arise.
Note:IMPOSSIBILITÀ DI ADATTARSI...FALLIMENTI DI MERCATO...CONTRO VEDI OLSTROM
Note:IMPOSSIBILITÀ DI ADATTARSI...FALLIMENTI DI MERCATO...CONTRO VEDI OLSTROM
Yellow highlight | Location: 485
Economists talk about “market imperfections” or “market failure.” However, economic models are themselves imperfect and capable of failure.
Note:FALLIMENTO DELLO STATO... FALLIMENTO DELLO STATO E FALLIMENTO DELL ECONOMISTA.
Note:FALLIMENTO DELLO STATO... FALLIMENTO DELLO STATO E FALLIMENTO DELL ECONOMISTA.
Yellow highlight | Location: 490
outsiders who see a flaw in how the market serves consumers, those outsiders have the option of starting a business to address the problem.
Note:FALLIMENTI DEL MERCATO E IMPRENDOTORIALITÀ...MANAGER
Note:FALLIMENTI DEL MERCATO E IMPRENDOTORIALITÀ...MANAGER
Yellow highlight | Location: 492
What we should be comparing is not the existing market configuration with an ideal based on a simple model but the market process of error correction with the political process of error correction.
Note:COSA COMPARARE
Note:COSA COMPARARE
Yellow highlight | Location: 496
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