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venerdì 3 ottobre 2025
cos'è l'intelligenza?
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sabato 31 agosto 2024
politici che battono il mercato
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giovedì 16 febbraio 2023
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martedì 3 dicembre 2019
venerdì 7 dicembre 2018
SEI PIU’ INTELLIGENTE DEL MERCATO?
lunedì 8 agosto 2016
Dibattendo EMH Eric Falkenstein Justin Fox Tim Harford
Are markets efficient? eugene fama
martedì 22 marzo 2016
Dibattendo EMH
- Definizione
- 2 categorie di scettici: 1. i contrari ideologicamente e 2. i consulenti che non avrebbero niente da consigliare
- Shiller: hindsight bias
- Perchè esiste una regolamentazione e una banca centrale se vale EMH?
- Nel momento in cui reputi buone alcune regole cessi di credere a EMH!
- MIT Chicago Mason. Sapendo che il mercato è imprrfetto (pur considerandolo il meglio a disosizione) le regole ci saranno sempre come segno di speranza e di cammino verso la xfezione
- Krugman e LTCM
- Le bolle possono coesistere con EMH?
- The peso problem
- Xxx
- The Price Isn't Always Right justin fox
- Eugene Fama at Chicago in the late 1960s envisioned a market in which "security prices at any time 'fully reflect' all available information."
- the world experienced financial crises long before anybody at the University of Chicago thought to string the words "efficient" and "market" together.
- Finally, if all one means by "efficient market" is a market that's hard to beat, that's not such a wrongheaded idea at all
- Robert Shiller -- a long-time critic of the efficient market hypothesis -- cobbled together an inflation-adjusted index of U.S. real estate prices going back to 1890 and found that (a) in the past, prices had declined for decades on end and (b) the rise in real home prices since 1997 was by far the sharpest on record. From these two pieces of data he drew the common-sense conclusion that the rise in housing prices wouldn't go on forever
- Xxx
- In Defense of Efficient Markets eric falkenstein
- you make many gracious acknowledgements to the efficient markets hypothesis (EMH), such as the basic implication that it is very, very difficult to outperform the market....This is not a minor acknowledgment, but basically is the EMH theory.
- I think this distaste for efficient markets comes from two sources. First, many people distrust the "invisible hand." They do not think markets are fair games that reward virtue and promote social welfare. Secondly, there are critics (stockbrokers, talking heads on CNBC, financial journalists) whose livelihood depends on markets being wrong;
- Shiller. Shiller did not predict an aggregate housing decline; instead, he merely stated the recent increase in home prices was unlikely to continue.
- Bolla: The market diagnosed the bubble......prices, not legislators, instigated the end of the insanity.
- No one thinks markets are perfect, and EMH never says this. The proof that markets are efficient is that it is so improbable one can generate alpha -- something you, like most EMH critics, concede. But the implications do not seem obvious. That you were able to find one person in 2004 and turn his measured warning into something that would have drastically reversed the regulatory emphasis on weakening underwriting standards is classic hindsight
- Markets Can Do Many Things Well, But Not Everything justin fox
- why over the past two centuries we've developed central banks and financial regulations. Yet it is a reality almost completely ignored by the efficient-market approach to finance.
- I'll be honest: I don't know what exactly the new rules should be.
- Why Most Market Regulation is Useless And/Or Harmful eric falkenstein
- As George Will writes, most regulation is championed by a confluence of Baptists and bootleggers,
- Regole: irrilevanti o contrproducenti.
- The first. Exemplified by things like short-sale downtick prohibitions, Glass-Steagall, and mortgage disclosure requirements, all of which are really irrelevant to protecting the retail investor.
- A second type of financial regulation is downright counterproductive... Consider the Equal Credit Opportunity Act of 1974, a law which sat around not causing problems, until 1992 when Fed President Richard Syron realized he could use it as a club to get banks to lower home loan underwriting standards in the 1990s....Another example is the Clinton administration law putting a surtax on millionaires, which created an incentive to focus on option-based compensation for corporate executives.
- Without regulation, markets correct themselves
- In the bad old days prior to much financial regulation, or even a central bank, we had crisesevery twenty years: in 1819, 1838, 1857, 1873, 1893, and 1907. After a couple of years, though, things always got better, and growth was strong over this period. It is historical experience, not religious faith,
- Much regulation is really about preventing competition,
- Bold regulation is the triumph of hope over experience,
- Back to the Myth of the Rational Market justin fox
- So Eric, you're saying that some financial regulations are pointless, some are counterproductive, and some actually do good. Sounds about right to me. But it's not what the die-hard rational marketeers of the 1970s and 1980s were saying.
- Xxx
- We Need Less Regulation, Not More eric falkenstein
- when you say something is imperfect, it should always be asked, "compared to what?" Some theoretical nirvana
- Krugman Reviews Book He Didn't Read eric falkenstein
- Justin Fox noted that I didn't read his book, because if I did he would have noted Fox's rather balanced treatment.
- The LTCM strategy had nothing to do with a tweak to the Black-Scholes option formula.
- Do Crashes Support or Disprove 'Rational' Markets? eric falkenstein
- Noneconomists tend to think 'rational markets' is patently absurd, pointing to various asset bubbles such as the internet bubble,
- To assert markets are irrational or inefficient, however, one needs to propose a measure of 'true value'... It is essential to have a specific alternative, because how do you know they are wrong unless you know the right answer?
- Prices fluctuate more than we would like. But is it too much? The future is very uncertain, and in the US where so many prominent financial researchers work, we tend to forget we had a very fortunate 20th century
- Xxxxx
- Arnold Kling
- MIT economists think markets are imperfect, therefore we need regulation.
- Chicago economists think markets are perfect, therefore we don't need regulation.
- George Mason economists think markets are imperfect, therefore we don't need regulation.
- Bad stuff's going to happen from time to time. Get used it. But political and regulatory reality is such that this mindset is never going to prevail.
- How to make money from a Nobel cause tim harford
- Fama and Shiller disagree with each other.
- EMH, is much maligned, so let me state it in the form that has spared me anxiety and saved me money over the years: it’s hard to beat the market,
mercoledì 2 marzo 2016
lunedì 31 agosto 2015
The Missing Risk Premium: Why Low Volatility Investing Works - Eric Falkenstein - Prefazione
- Tesi del libro: la teoria accademica cresciuta intorno alla finanza è fondamentalmente fallata così come lo è la nozione di rischio che supporta. Questo errore trova una chiara conferma nei fatti...
- Uno degli effetti collaterali: oggi un PHD in finanza è poco utile per agire sui mercati: meglio una laurea in fisica o in computer science, per lo meno si puo' costruire un programmino...
- CAPM conta in borsa quanto Il Capitale di Marx in economia, ovvero qualcosa vicino allo zero. Cosa insegna CAPM: ogni investimento ha un rischio diversificabile che si assume senza premi (se lo puoi azzerare diversificando non ha senso comporare un'assicurazione) e un rischio specifico che si assume dietro pagamento di un premio. Ma i fatti non confermano.
- Ma la lezione di CAPM conta ben poco x gli investitori (tanto è vero che in borsa il premio di rischio latita). Altri insegnamenti prevalgono e F. li consiglia caldamente: 1) studiare la storia delle crisi 2) considerare gli operatori di borsa come agenti in relazione tra loro e qs relazioni contano molto più delle analisi di rischio, una strizzatina d'occhio della FED vale mille analisi quantitativa 3) pensare sempre che l'investimento rende bene se si ha una conoscenza superiore alla media. Purtroppo noi non abbiamo quasi mai informazioni superiori alla media (anche se su questo punto tendiamo ad ingannarci: quindi, stare coperti...
- LTCM (il fondo dei Nobel) è il classico esempio di come finanza accademica e finanza pratica collidano. Ma nn tanto x il fallimento del fondo, quanto xchè già da prima si era rinunciato ad applicare gli algoritmi dei Nobel...
- Nella finanza la matematica ha essenzialmente un ruolo: intimidire l'outsider...
- "Rischio" ormai è un concetto come "Trinità": usato da gente un pò confusa che crede in buona fede che la sua confusione derivi da comprensione insufficiente dei fatti...
- giusto criticare l'ortodossia ma ancora più giusto criticare chi critica l'ortodossia in nome di una presunta irrazionalità del mercato che confuterebbe EMH...
mercoledì 25 marzo 2015
John Cochrane contro Bob Shiller
- BS non sa nemmeno dirci che cosa sia una bolla. La sua definizione: una bolla è il frutto di un capriccio dei mercati. Ma questa è una teoria 8una spiegazione), non una definizione! Lui deve dirci un assetto dei dati tale per cui possiamo parlare di bolla.
- Stato dell' arte: nonostante la borsa nel breve sia un random walk, nel lungo i valori si uniformano ai fondamentali (Fama). BS sembra implicitamente rinnegare queste posizioni raggiunte anche grazie al suo lavoro.
- BS, almeno dal suo discorso per il Nobel, adotta il metodo retorico, chiede implicitamente di rinunciare all' approccio scientifico.
- BS constata che le previsioni dei prezzi sono volatili e conclude che sono impossibili. Strana conclusione.
- BS ci invita a far pesare la psicologia. Ma perché non propone un modello da testare invece di dirci cosa fare? Non si vince un Nobel dicendo cosa fare agli altri!
- Il problema di BS è il problema dell' economia comportamentale: stenta a produrre modelli da far competere con quello legato alla razionalità dei mercati.
lunedì 24 marzo 2014
giovedì 31 ottobre 2013
giovedì 25 luglio 2013
venerdì 24 maggio 2013
lunedì 17 dicembre 2012
Dubbi sulla EMH
Calma, il mecato è un paniere di scommesse. Poco importa se alcune scommesse sono più probabili di altre, cio' che conta è quanto pagano. Puo' ben essere conveniente scommettere con basse probabilità. I macroeconomisti (classici) non sono alla ricerca di squilibri tra posta e vincite ma di scommesse ad alta probabilità di vittoria. Al limite lo squilibrio è ricercato dai comportamentisti.
http://www.arnoldkling.com/blog/emh-and-macroeconomics/
martedì 13 novembre 2012
EMH e Eugene Fama
As the market efficiency ideas took shape, itdawned on me that the reason the trading rules I’ddeveloped earlier didn’t work out of sample wasbecause price changes were random, which at thatpoint was what people thought an efficient marketmeant. We know now it doesn’t. Market efficiencymeans that deviations from equilibrium expectedreturns are unpredictable based on currently available information. But equilibrium expected returnscan vary through time in a predictable way, whichmeans price changes need not be entirely random...
: I think the global crisis was first a problem of political pressure to encourage the financing of subprime mortgages... . I don’t think the crisis was a problem with markets.
The worst thing to come out of thatexperience, in my view, is the concept of “too bigto fail.” Basically, the institutions that are considered to be too big to fail have their debt pricedas if it’s riskless, which gives them a low cost ofcapital and makes it very easy for them to expandand become an even bigger problem. Plus, everybody now accepts the assertion that they are toobig to fail, which creates a terrible moral hazardfor the management of these financial institutions.
The simplest solution would be to raise the capitalrequirements of banks. A nice place to start wouldbe a 25% equity capital ratio, and if that doesn’twork, raise it more. The equity capital ratio needsto be high enough that a too-big-to-fail financialinstitution’s debt is riskless,
is ex post storytelling and doesn’tgenerate new testable hypotheses It’s not ascience. In Daniel Kahneman’s book Thinking, Fastand Slow, he states that our brains have two sides:One is rational, and one is impulsive and irrational.What behavior can’t be explained by that model?
Simple. Balance the budget. I heard avery prominent person say in private that we couldbalance the budget by going back to the level ofgovernment expenditures in 2007. The economyis currently about the size it was then. If you justrolled expenditures back to that point, I think itwould come close to balancing the budget.
here is something I never would have expected. The failure of LTCM, a firm founded and run on the premise that the EMH was wrong, actually shows that . . . the EMH is wrong!
Eppure:
The efficient market hypothesis implies that it should be very difficult to beat the markets, as asset prices should already reflect all publicly available information. Many people found this hard to accept; surely really smart people are better investors than the average schmuck! Not surprisingly, the very smartest people of all, including not one but two Nobel Prize-winning finance professors, gave in to temptation and joined a hedge fund that was set up to find market anomalies and to make investments that took advantage of the market’s inefficiencies. That hedge fund was called “Long Term Capital Management.” Of course anyone who has read ancient Greek tragedies knows what happened next...
E qui ci sta a fagiolo l' aneddoto con Fama:
You have to be impressed by the resourcefulness of the anti-EMH, crowd. If LTCM and its merry band of Nobel-Prize winning economists had actually beat the market, if they had used market anomalies to get rich, well then it would have been the death knell of the EMH. Every time Fama said “if you’re so smart how come you’re not rich,” people would have responded that Scholes and Merton did get rich by spotting market inefficiencies. Instead they failed miserably, and this shows . . . it show that markets are inefficient because the market can stay irrational longer than you can stay solvent.
La cosa non vi ricorda qualcosa?
It reminds me of people who see monopoly everywhere. High prices? Clearly monopolistic exploitation. Low prices? Ah, that’s predatory pricing. The same price as your competitor? Obviously price fixing.http://www.themoneyillusion.com/?p=4121